afrika no dokuritu to rekisi sono 1- アフリカの独立と歴史 その1 -
***Liberia
1847: Independence from the United States.
1863: Emancipation Proclamation by Abraham Lincoln in the United States
1979: Toba Naa Tipote, leader of the rebel group "MOJA", is sentenced to death after large-scale protests.
1980: A military coup occurs. Samuel Doe, a native of the country, seizes power.
1989: With the death of Doe, the civil war intensifies, and the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) rises up (First Liberian Civil War)
2003: Armed uprising by the Union for Democratic Reconciliation in Liberia (LURD) and the Movement for a Democratic Liberia (MODEL) (Second Liberian Civil War)
*** Union of South Africa
1910: The Union of South Africa, consisting of the four provinces of Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange, becomes independent as a self-governing territory within the British Empire.
1934: Independence as a Commonwealth realm within the Commonwealth of Nations.
1949: The Prohibition of Interracial Marriages Act is passed.
1950: The People Registration Act is enacted. All South Africans are divided into four races: "White", "Asian", "Coloured", and "Black".
1991: Apartheid-related laws are abolished.
*** Ethiopia
1st century BC: The Kingdom of Askum is founded. Prospered through trade with Arabia. After the decline of the Roman Empire, trade also took place with the Mediterranean region.
Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity was the mainstream, and although Islam was introduced, its spread was limited.
1896 Battle of Adwa Defeats Italian forces
1936 Colonial rule by Italy
1941 Regains independence.
1952: Ethiopia-Eritrea Federation established
1961: War of Independence breaks out due to armed uprising by Eritrean Liberation Front
1963: Organization of African Unity establishes headquarters in Addis Ababa
1977: Ogaden War breaks out with Somalia
Invasion by Somalia, which advocates Greater Somaliism
1993: Eritrea becomes independent
*** Libya
16th century: Ottoman Empire
1911: Colonized by Italy
1945: Becomes a British and French colony after Italy's defeat
December 1951: Independence as the United Kingdom of Libya. King Idris I, leader of the Sanusi cult, becomes king.
1969: A coup d'etat overthrows the monarchy, and Colonel Gaddafi becomes leader.
In 2011, rebel forces with military support from NATO and others took control of the capital Tripoli, killing Colonel Gaddafi and bringing an end to the 42-year long regime.
2014: The government was weakened by the invasion of Islamic forces. Civil wars intensified in various areas as Islamic extremists such as ISIL and Al-Qaeda gained power, resulting in a de facto anarchy.
2020: Establishment of a unified interim government
*** Sudan
BC: Ancient Kush and Meroe kingdoms flourished in the upper reaches of the Nile.
6th century: Islam was introduced.
1821: Colonized by Egypt
1869: Britain, which had colonized Egypt, also advanced into Sudan.
1881: Mahdist Rebellion
1899: Partition of Africa, territory divided between Britain and France. The French territory became the present Republic of Mali.
1956: Independence from Egypt and Britain.
1955 First Civil War
Battle between North/Arab/Muslims and South/non-Arab/animists, Christians
1969 Army coup. Revolutionary Council changes country name to Democratic Republic of Sudan
1971 Jaafar Numeiri becomes president
1983 Second Civil War
Anti-Islamic struggle by Soviet-backed rebel group Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA)
1985 President Numeiri is ousted in a military coup
1986 Sadiq al-Mahdi appointed Prime Minister
1989 Bashir government established by coup
2003 Darfur conflict
Conflict between Arab and non-Arab residents
2011 South Sudan gains independence by referendum
***Morocco
1st century BC-5th century AD Roman Empire
7th century Fatimid dynasty
9th century Umayyad Caliphate
11th century Almoravid Dynasty
1830 French colonization
1956 Independence from France.
1970- War with Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Polisario Front) over possession of Western Sahara
*** Tunisia
8th century BC Phoenicians settled there as a trading post, Carthage was founded
1574 Annexed by the Ottoman Empire as the Ottoman Tunis Region
1881 French Tunisia
1956 Independence from France.
2010 Jasmine Revolution
*** Ghana
1957 Independence from Britain.
*** - Guinea
1957 Independence from France.
*** Cameroon
1960 French independence.
1961 British independence.
■ romeJP top ni modoru ■